Folds, cleavage, and boudinage
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Folds in Biancone-type limestones of the Krasta-Cukali Zone (northern Albania).Image: Kamil Ustaszewski
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Folded Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous Limestones and radiolarites (red) of the Krasta-Cukali Zone north of Komani reservoir (northern Albania).Image: Kamil Ustaszewski
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Cleavage refraction in rocks of the Durmitor Flysch Unit (Montenegro).Image: Kamil Ustaszewski
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Ptygmatic folds in a quartzitic layer within carbonatic host rock. Note that shortening in the fold hinges is accommodated by small brittle faults. Krasta-Cukali Zone, northern Albania.Image: Kamil Ustaszewski
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Pencil cleavage in a marly flysch of the Krasta-Cukali Zone (northern Albania). Such pencil cleavage typically developes close to fold hinges where the layering and cleavage include high angles and form the elongated planes of the rock fragments.Image: Kamil Ustaszewski
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Tight to isoclinal folds in marble (near Osina, Rhodopes, S Bulgaria).Image: Jan Pleuger
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Polyphase deformation in Ordovician schist (near Bosilegrad, SE Serbia). The first penetrative cleavage (subvertical) and a second, sporadic one (subhorizontal) are affected by folding with axial plane traces trending from bottom left to top right.Image: Jan Pleuger
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Folds in contact-metamorphic Sediments (Kopaonik Mt., S Serbia)Image: Jan Pleuger
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Kink faults nucleated along conjugate faults in metasediment (Kopaonik Mt., S Serbia).Image: Jan Pleuger
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Crenulation cleavage in metasandstones, overprinting an earlier foliation. Mukua River valley, Central Range, eastern Taiwan.Image: Kamil Ustaszewski
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Crenulated pelitic schists showing prominent crenulation lineations. MuKua Hsi Valley, Central Range, Eastern Taiwan.Image: Kamil Ustaszewski
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Refold structures in calcite marble, Taroko gorge, Eastern Taiwan.Image: Kamil Ustaszewski